การ Config ไฟล์ cnf ของ MySQL Server
เราใช้ MySQL Server 5.7 ในหัวข้อนี้พูดถึงการใช้ไฟล์ cnf ในการ Config ค่าต่าง ๆถ้าอยากรู้ Version ให้พิมพ์ mysqld --version ที่ terminal
ไฟล์ conf จะเก็บไว์ที่ path /etc/mysql/my.cnf, /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf
- /etc/mysql/my.cnf
- /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf
และอีก 2 ไฟล์ที่
- /etc/mysql/conf.d/mysql.cnf
- /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysql.cnf
มาเปิดดู 2 ไฟล์แรกก่อน
# # The MySQL database server configuration file. # # You can copy this to one of: # - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options, # - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options. # # One can use all long options that the program supports. # Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with # --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use. # # For explanations see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html # # * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file! # The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored. # !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/mysql.conf !includedir /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/
และอีก 2 ไฟล์
[mysql]
# The MySQL database server configuration file. # # You can copy this to one of: # - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options, # - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options. # # One can use all long options that the program supports. # Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with # --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use. # # For explanations see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html # This will be passed to all mysql clients # It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes # escpecially if they contain "#" chars... # Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location. # Here is entries for some specific programs # The following values assume you have at least 32M ram [mysqld_safe] socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock nice = 0 [mysqld] # # * Basic Settings # user = mysql pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /var/lib/mysql tmpdir = /tmp lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql skip-external-locking # # Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on # localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure. bind-address = 127.0.0.1 # # * Fine Tuning # key_buffer_size = 16M max_allowed_packet = 16M thread_stack = 192K thread_cache_size = 8 # This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed # the first time they are touched myisam-recover-options = BACKUP #max_connections = 100 #table_open_cache = 64 #thread_concurrency = 10 # # * Query Cache Configuration # query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_size = 16M # # * Logging and Replication # # Both location gets rotated by the cronjob. # Be aware that this log type is a performance killer. # As of 5.1 you can enable the log at runtime! #general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log #general_log = 1 # # Error log - should be very few entries. # log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log # # Here you can see queries with especially long duration #slow_query_log = 1 #slow_query_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log #long_query_time = 2 #log-queries-not-using-indexes # # The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication. # note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about # other settings you may need to change. #server-id = 1 #log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 100M #binlog_do_db = include_database_name #binlog_ignore_db = include_database_name # # * InnoDB # # InnoDB is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/. # Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many! # # * Security Features # # Read the manual, too, if you want chroot! # chroot = /var/lib/mysql/ # # For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca". # # ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem # ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem # ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pemแล้วก็เข้าไปที่เว็บ http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html เพื่อดูข้อมูลความหมายของแต่ละตัว
หรือเมื่อเราต้องการดูค่าต่าง ๆ ให้เราทำการพิมพ์ที่ terminal เพื่อแสดงค่าและคำสั่งเยอะมาก
mysqld --verbose --help # ตัวอย่างการดูค่าบ้างตัว mysqld --verbose --help | grep character-set-server
เมื่อต้องการตั้งค่า
จากไฟล์ cnf เราจะเจอกับ [mysql] [mysqld] และ [mysqld_safe][client] คือ ตัว Client ที่เข้ามาเชื่อมต่อ
[mysql] คือ ตัว Shell Command Line
[mysqld] คือ ตัว SQL Server, MYSQL D คือ Deamon
อ้างอิงจาก / ตอบคำถามเกี่ยวกับ [mysql] [mysqld] และ [mysqld_safe] https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/64000/difference-between-mysql-and-mysqld-in-mysql-configuration-file MySQL calls these section "Groups". The [mysqld] group contains the variables apply to the MySQL Server (the mysqld process). The [mysql] group contains the variables for the client program (mysql). The [client] option group is read by all client programs (but not by mysqld), so "mysql", "mysqldump" etc... None of these groups are mandatory but usually we set at least the [mysqld] because it's where we configure the server. About how MySQL interprets these variables, MySQL Documentation says: If an option group name is the same as a program name, options in the group apply specifically to that program. Max
การ Config ไฟล์ให้ดูว่าจะใช้ไฟล์ไหนตรงนี้
และ Syntax
ตัวอย่างการตั้งค่า
การตั้งค่า default charset https://kb.hostatom.com/content/2249/
การตั้งค่า remote access https://phoenixnap.com/kb/mysql-remote-connection
ข้อมูลอ้างอิงจาก
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-configuration.html
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/option-files.html
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